ZANZIBAR LONG WAY FROM UTOPIA " UHURU " WAS ALSO BEING SHOUTED 
TO THE SOUTHEAST, 80 MILES FROM KENYA'S COAST ON THE TINY, 
PALM-WREATHED ISLAND OF ZANZIBAR . TO THE ACCOMPANIMENT OF A 41-GUN 
SALUTE, A RED, GOLD AND GREEN FLAG WAS HOISTED IN ZANZIBAR 
TOWN, REPLACING THE UNION JACK AND ENDING 73 YEARS OF BRITISH 
RULE IN THE CLOVE-SCENTED PROTECTORATE OF ZANZIBAR AND NEIGHBORING PEMBA ISLAND 
. WITH A POPULATION OF ONLY 300,000 ON THE TWO ISLANDS, 
ZANZIBAR BECOMES AFRICA'S SMALLEST INDEPENDENT NATION . FOR MORE THAN THREE 
CENTURIES, ZANZIBAR WAS THE JUMPING-OFF PLACE FOR ADVENTURERS AND EXPLORERS AND 
A SANCTUARY FOR SLAVERS, WHO CARRIED THEIR BLACK CARGO FROM THE 
MAINLAND BEYOND THE RANGE OF AVENGING TRIBES . SWEPT BY THE 
MONSOONS, DHOWS FROM THE ARABIAN PENINSULA BROUGHT MOSLEM RAIDERS WHO INSTALLED 
ARAB SULTANS AND KEPT THE ISLAND'S BLACK MAJORITY IN BONDAGE CULTIVATING 
THE CLOVE GROVES (THE ISLAND STILL SUPPLIES 75 PER CENT OF 
THE WORLD'S CLOVES) . AFTER THE BRITISH TOOK OVER IN 1890, 
TROOPS KEPT THE RACIAL PEACE, BUT TODAY RACE RIOTS SPORADICALLY ERUPT 
. THOUGH THE ARABS MAKE UP LESS THAN 20 PER CENT 
OF THE POPULATION, THEY CONTROL THE ECONOMY, DOMINATE THE NEW GOVERNMENT 
THROUGH THE ARAB-LED NATIONALIST PARTY . THE NEW NATION FACES PRESSING 
PROBLEMS . THE PER CAPITA INCOME IS ONLY $56 A YEAR, 
AND THE POPULATION IS STILL SO PRIMITIVE THAT IN LAST SUMMER'S 
GENERAL ELECTION BOTH THE NATIONALIST PARTY AND THE OPPOSITION AFRO-SHIRAZI PARTY 
HIRED WITCH DOCTORS TO INFLUENCE THE RESULTS . LIKE KENYA'S KENYATTA 
AND UNLIKE SOME OTHER AFRICAN LEADERS PRIME MINISTER SHEIK MOHAMMED SHAMTE 
HAMADI DOES NOT EQUATE UHURU WITH UTOPIA . " WE APPRECIATE 
THAT FREEDOM DOES NOT MEAN A DISTRIBUTION OF LOOT, " HE 
SAID AT LAST WEEK'S INDEPENDENCE CEREMONIES . " THERE IS NO 
LOOT TO DISTRIBUTE . / 