http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-journaling-filesystems/index.html snapshots https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTree A Directory Index for Ext2 https://www.kernel.org/doc/ols/2002/ols2002-pages-425-438.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSHFS inode... disk encryption http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-anatomy-ext4/ https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Ext4_Disk_Layout http://elinux.org/images/1/12/Elc2013_Hwang.pdf http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/NAND-flash-memory https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter_4/index.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SD_Association https://www.sdcard.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive#/media/File:USB_3.0_Flash_Drive_PCB.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory flash -- block erasure wear leveling