Bozeman Science -- Voltage, Current, and Resistence https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4Vq-xHqUo8 Resistors and capacitors https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58PzPrjGsG8 Electric Circuits https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RJ6Kdk8KDo http://www.bozemanscience.com/physics http://www.bozemanscience.com/electricity-electric-circuits http://www.bozemanscience.com/voltage-current-resistance http://www.bozemanscience.com/series-parallel-circuits V = I R voltage = current * resistance Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/22100_Como%2C_Province_of_Como%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg about 2 volts for red and green LED Measure in Volts --- common mention is household wiring, but this is AC (not DC) voltage -- like water pressure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_analogy https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/voltage-current-resistance-and-ohms-law/voltage https://www.arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/arduino-uno-schematic.pdf http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lp2985-n.pdf -- voltage regulator AC to DC https://www.wikihow.com/Make-an-AC-DC-Converter Get a "wall wart" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_adapter it's safer In embedded world, 3.3v vs 5.0v Raspberry Pi is 3.3v, Arduino Uno is 5.0v Most sensors are 3.3v, some Arduinos are also 3.3v See https://playground.arduino.cc/Main/I2CBi-directionalLevelShifter Level shifter https://www.adafruit.com/product/735 SN74LVC245A https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12009 Sparkfun BOB Tinkercad.... Bring up a breadboard.... Connect 5V to Red Connect GND to Black Hook up power supply LED's https://learn.adafruit.com/all-about-leds/the-led-datasheet LED voltage drop.... https://learn.adafruit.com/all-about-leds/the-led-datasheet "forward voltage" of LED about 2 volts for red and green LED over 3 volts for blue current limiting of LED https://www.sparkfun.com/tutorials/219 LED Current Limiting Resistors https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/tools/led-resistor-calculator/ LED Resistor Calculator https://www.digikey.com/en/resources/conversion-calculators/conversion-calculator-led-series-resistor V = I R I is current -- gallons per minute? Amp (or ampere) André-Marie Ampère https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Place_Ampère_%28Lyon%29.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Statue_Ampère_Lyon_1.jpg 1 A = 1 C/second C is coulomb -- charge of 6.24509e18 electrons LEDs ok at 20mA https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/datasheets/FLR-50T04-HW7+(2012.02.22).pdf White LED https://www.adafruit.com/product/1025 LED plushie https://learn.adafruit.com/all-about-leds/the-led-datasheet LED datasheet https://www.digikey.com/catalog/en/partgroup/5mm-round-with-domed-top-led-lamps/34239 R is resistence --- measured in Ohms Georg Simon Ohm http://gordon.shecket.org/Europe%202013/Munich2/DSC_3815.JPG resistors transform current to heat https://www.digikey.com/en/resources/conversion-calculators/conversion-calculator-resistor-color-code-4-band Pulse Wave Modulation Not easy on the Raspberry Pi Capacitors smooth out voltage https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-pass_filter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-pass_filter#/media/File:RC_Divider.svg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-pass_filter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-pass_filter#/media/File:High_pass_filter.svg high pass and low pass filters https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/capacitors Farad -- 1 coulobm at 1 volt Be careful about sharing power sources of computer and motor Motor control with PWM PWM requires kernel module in Raspberry Pi,,,... unless you use software PWM https://www.adafruit.com/product/815 -- we'll return to this Servo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servomechanism Amplifiers Go to the Tinkercad page.... Better yet get a https://store.arduino.cc/usa/arduino-motor-shield-rev3 https://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/labs/motors-and-transistors/dc-motor-control-using-an-h-bridge/ https://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/labs/motors-and-transistors/using-a-transistor-to-control-a-high-current-load/ https://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/labs/motors-and-transistors/using-a-transistor-to-control-a-high-current-load/ https://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/labs/labs-electronics/ https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-dc-and-stepper-motor-hat-for-raspberry-pi/overview https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-motor-selection-guide